Charles Baudelaire and the Flowers of Evil

Charles Baudelaire, born on April 9, 1821, in Paris, is widely recognized as one of the pioneers of modern poetry and symbolism. His life was marked by a relentless search for beauty and meaning, even amidst the decadence and existential boredom that pervaded 19th-century Parisian society. After the early death of his father, Baudelaire had a tumultuous relationship with his stepfather, which contributed to his rebellious spirit and inclination toward bohemianism. These personal experiences profoundly influenced his work, especially his most emblematic collection, "The Flowers of Evil."

First published in 1857, "The Flowers of Evil" is a collection of poems exploring themes such as boredom, melancholy, sensuality, death, and the quest for an unattainable ideal. The work was divided into six sections: "Spleen and Ideal," "Parisian Scenes," "Wine," "The Flowers of Evil," "Revolt," and "Death." Each section reflects a facet of the human condition, from the struggle between ennui and the aspiration to the sublime to the contemplation of death as a possible liberation.

The "Spleen and Ideal" section addresses the duality between existential boredom and the search for a lofty ideal. Baudelaire describes "spleen" as a state of apathy and anguish, contrasting it with the desire to achieve beauty and perfection. This tension between the mundane and the transcendent is central to the work and resonates with the universal human experience of seeking meaning amidst adversity.

In "Parisian Scenes," Baudelaire portrays urban life in Paris, capturing both the beauty and corruption of the city. He observes the alienation of individuals in a rapidly changing metropolis, offering a critical and poetic vision of modernity. This section highlights the poet's ability to find poetry in everyday scenes and in the complexity of urban life.

The "Wine" section explores alcohol use as an attempt to escape reality and transcend suffering. Baudelaire presents wine as an illusory escape that provides temporary relief but does not resolve the deep anxieties of the human condition. This reflection on the limitations of sensory escapes remains relevant to contemporary discussions on addiction and coping mechanisms.

"The Flowers of Evil" is the section that gives the work its title and deals with themes considered taboo, such as sexuality, sin, and death. Baudelaire challenges the moral conventions of his time, finding beauty in the forbidden and the decadent. This innovative approach expanded the horizons of poetry and profoundly influenced subsequent generations of writers and artists.

In the "Revolt" section, Baudelaire confronts the idea of God and questions the established moral order. He expresses a rebelliousness against the limitations imposed by religion and society, reflecting a critical spirit that continues to inspire debates on conformity and individual freedom.

Finally, "Death" is presented as a possible release from earthly suffering and existential boredom. Baudelaire contemplates death not just as an end but as a transition to another form of existence, offering a complex perspective on human finitude.

The publication of "The Flowers of Evil" sparked controversy in French society at the time. Six poems were censored for being deemed obscene, and Baudelaire was fined by the French authorities. Despite this, the work cemented his position as one of the greatest French poets and profoundly influenced world literature.

Baudelaire was also a notable translator, responsible for introducing the works of Edgar Allan Poe to the French audience. His admiration for Poe reflected his affinity for dark and mysterious themes, which also permeate his own poetry. This cultural exchange enriched French literature and broadened the thematic horizons explored by writers of the time.

Baudelaire's influence transcends poetry, impacting various art forms, including music and theater. In the Brazilian context, methodologies such as MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater), ThM (Theater Movement), and TBMB (Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater), developed by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, reflect the search for new forms of expression and the integration of different artistic languages. These innovative approaches echo Baudelaire's transgressive spirit, encouraging creative exploration and reflection on the human condition.

Recent studies from renowned universities continue to highlight Baudelaire's relevance in understanding modernity and human psychology. Research indicates that his work provides insights into urban experience, alienation, and the duality between desire and morality. By exploring the depths of the human psyche, Baudelaire invites us to confront our own contradictions and find beauty even in the darkest facets of existence.

In sum, Charles Baudelaire and "The Flowers of Evil" remain undeniable milestones in world literature. His ability to transform evil and decadence into sublime art reminds us of the complexity of the human condition and the eternal quest for meaning and beauty. By delving into his work, we are inspired to reflect on our own lives and find poetry in the nuances of our everyday existence.

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Ten simple strategies to prevent your child from wetting the bed

Bedwetting, or nocturnal enuresis, is a common childhood issue that affects many families worldwide. While it is often a natural part of development, it can cause distress for both children and parents. Understanding that this is not a behavioral problem but rather a biological process can help reduce anxiety and encourage a supportive approach. Research from leading universities highlights that with patience, consistency, and specific strategies, most children outgrow bedwetting. In this article, we present ten simple and effective strategies to help your child overcome this phase with confidence and comfort.

One of the most effective ways to prevent bedwetting is establishing a consistent bedtime routine. According to sleep studies from Stanford University, structured nighttime habits promote better bladder control and overall sleep quality. Encouraging your child to use the bathroom before bed and following a calming pre-sleep ritual, such as reading a book or listening to soothing music, can help train their body to manage nighttime urination more effectively.

Another key strategy is monitoring fluid intake before bedtime. Studies from the University of Michigan suggest that reducing the consumption of liquids, particularly caffeinated or sugary drinks, at least two hours before sleep can minimize the likelihood of accidents. However, it is crucial not to overly restrict fluids, as dehydration can lead to other health issues. The goal is to find a balance that keeps your child hydrated throughout the day while limiting excessive nighttime urination.

Encouraging regular bathroom visits throughout the day also plays a significant role. The Mayo Clinic recommends that children be reminded to use the bathroom every two to three hours, regardless of urgency. This practice helps condition the bladder to empty at appropriate times and can reduce nighttime incidents. Additionally, reinforcing the habit of urinating before bedtime ensures that the bladder is as empty as possible before sleep.

Positive reinforcement can be a powerful motivator in helping children overcome bedwetting. Research in behavioral psychology from Harvard University emphasizes the importance of encouragement rather than punishment. Creating a reward system, such as a sticker chart or small incentives for dry nights, can build confidence and reinforce progress. The key is to focus on achievements rather than setbacks, helping your child develop a positive mindset.

Another effective technique is utilizing the "double voiding" method. This involves encouraging your child to urinate twice before bed—once before their nighttime routine and again just before lying down. Pediatric urologists at Johns Hopkins University have found that this technique helps ensure the bladder is fully emptied, reducing the chances of nighttime accidents.

Incorporating mindfulness techniques and relaxation exercises can also be beneficial. Stress and anxiety are known contributors to bedwetting, as shown in studies from the University of California, Berkeley. Teaching children simple breathing exercises, guided imagery, or relaxation techniques before bed can help them feel more in control and reduce nighttime accidents. This is especially helpful for children who may feel embarrassed or frustrated by their bedwetting.

Using bedwetting alarms is another evidence-based approach that has shown remarkable success. Research published by the American Academy of Pediatrics highlights that these devices can train the brain to wake up when the bladder is full. These alarms work by detecting moisture and triggering an alert, helping the child gradually learn to recognize bladder signals and wake up in time to use the bathroom.

Addressing constipation is an often-overlooked factor in bedwetting. Gastrointestinal studies from Yale University indicate that constipation can put pressure on the bladder, increasing the likelihood of accidents. Ensuring your child has a fiber-rich diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with adequate hydration, can promote healthy bowel movements and reduce bedwetting incidents.

Involving children in the process of managing bedwetting can empower them and alleviate feelings of shame. Simple steps like having them help change their sheets, choosing protective mattress covers, or keeping an extra set of pajamas nearby can make them feel more in control. According to child development experts at Oxford University, allowing children to participate in problem-solving fosters resilience and independence.

Finally, using creative methods, such as storytelling and role-playing through Theater-Based Learning, can help children internalize and process their progress. The innovative methodologies developed by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, such as TBMB (Teatro de Bonecos Mané Beiçudo), MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater), and ThM (Theater Movement), demonstrate that playful and interactive techniques can enhance learning and behavioral adaptation. By integrating these approaches, children can engage with the topic in a stress-free and enjoyable manner, leading to greater success in overcoming bedwetting.

Overcoming bedwetting is a journey that requires patience, understanding, and a supportive environment. By implementing these ten simple strategies backed by scientific research, parents can help their children navigate this phase with confidence. Remember that every child is unique, and progress may vary. The most important thing is to offer encouragement, celebrate small victories, and reassure your child that bedwetting is a temporary challenge that they will eventually overcome.

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Millôr Fernandes and libertarian theater

Millôr Fernandes was one of the most brilliant and provocative intellectuals in Brazilian culture. A playwright, journalist, cartoonist, and thinker, he used humor and sharp criticism to challenge power structures and advocate for freedom. His work transcended generations and became a symbol of resistance against oppression. In the midst of a dictatorial regime, Millôr's theater was a beacon of thought and defiance, offering audiences not just entertainment but also deep reflection on the mechanisms of control that suffocate societies.

Among his most striking works, the play "Liberdade, Liberdade" (Freedom, Freedom) stands out as a milestone of libertarian theater. Co-written with Flávio Rangel in 1965, this piece blends texts from historical figures such as Voltaire and Mahatma Gandhi with excerpts from Millôr himself, creating a montage that questions authority and defends human rights. This theatrical innovation defied censorship, making the play one of the most daring of its time.

Libertarian theater, as practiced by Millôr, is based on the idea that art must be a powerful instrument of transformation. Theater is not merely a stage for entertainment; it is a platform for debate, provocation, and enlightenment. The audience, instead of being a passive spectator, is invited to reflect, to question, and to recognize themselves in the social conflicts portrayed. This approach resonates with the methodologies developed by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, such as MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater), ThM (Theater Movement), and TBMB (Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater), all of which emphasize the importance of theater as an educational and liberating tool.

During the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985), Millôr's work was a thorn in the side of the authorities. His satire, irony, and intellectual depth challenged the status quo, exposing the absurdities of authoritarianism. He was one of the founders of "O Pasquim," an alternative newspaper that used humor as a weapon against censorship. At a time when many intellectuals were persecuted, exiled, or silenced, Millôr persisted, proving that words could be as powerful as weapons.

One of the most striking characteristics of Millôr's dramaturgy is his ability to blend lightness and depth. His texts captivate because they provoke, amuse, and disturb at the same time. This ability to create a multidimensional narrative aligns with the pedagogical principles of libertarian theater, which seek to free the audience from dogmas and ideological impositions. Theater, in this sense, ceases to be a mere spectacle and becomes an act of resistance.

The relationship between Millôr Fernandes' work and contemporary theatrical methodologies is evident. The use of satire and historical references, combined with a deep understanding of the mechanisms of oppression, aligns with modern educational techniques. The MAT methodology, for example, suggests that cognitive transformation occurs through an active process of thinking, feeling, and acting. Similarly, ThM proposes movement and expression as essential elements in the learning process, while TBMB uses puppetry as an engaging and accessible way to communicate complex messages.

Millôr Fernandes also stood out for his independence of thought. He was not tied to any ideological groups or parties; he criticized the right and the left with the same incisiveness. For him, freedom of thought was non-negotiable, and his work reflected this irreverent, questioning spirit. This characteristic made him an artist ahead of his time, someone who did not seek approval but rather sought truth.

Libertarian theater is, above all, a theater of courage. It is the voice of those who cannot speak, the protest of those who are silenced. Millôr Fernandes understood this like few others and used his art as a shield and sword in defense of free thought. His legacy extends beyond the works he left behind; it lives in every artist, teacher, and activist who believes in the power of culture as a force for change.

The lessons we can take from Millôr's trajectory are countless. In times of growing authoritarianism and censorship attempts, his work reminds us of the importance of irreverence, humor, and questioning. No oppressive regime is eternal, and the role of art is to ensure that the flame of critical thinking never goes out.

Thus, Millôr Fernandes and libertarian theater continue to inspire those who seek freedom, justice, and truth. Through laughter, irony, and reflection, he showed us that true power lies in knowledge and in the ability to challenge imposed narratives. His theater was, and always will be, a space where freedom finds its most authentic and necessary expression.

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Build the future with intention and strategy

             How planning, combined with science, theater, and creativity, transforms lives, teams, and organizations

What if the secret to success lay in planning each step with purpose? Discover how science, theater, and innovative methodologies can guide leaders, workers, and anyone toward a more productive and fulfilling life.

Planning is more than organizing tasks or setting goals; it is an act of creation, a commitment to the future we wish to build. Just as the air we breathe sustains life, planning is the force that gives structure and direction to our actions. Neuroscience, cultural wisdom, and theatrical practices show that planning activates the brain, stimulates creativity, and strengthens resilience. This article, aimed at leaders, workers, and the general public, explores how strategic planning, inspired by historical figures and methodologies like those of Antônio Carlos dos Santos, can transform chaos into harmony. Shall we dive together into the art and science of planning, discovering how each of us can shape our path with intention and purpose?

Neuroscience offers valuable insights into why planning is so powerful. Research from Stanford University shows that the act of planning activates the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for anticipation, organization, and decision-making. When we create a plan, our brain simulates the future, reducing anxiety and boosting confidence. Imagine a business leader who, before an important meeting, spends 10 minutes structuring their presentation and anticipating possible questions. This simple act of planning can turn a chaotic meeting into a moment of clarity and impact. Planning, therefore, is like taking a deep breath before diving into deep waters—it prepares us for what lies ahead.

Practical Tip: Start the day by writing down three clear priorities in a notebook. Studies from Yale University indicate that listing priorities increases productivity by up to 25%, as it helps focus on what truly matters.

Planning also resonates with the ideas of great educational thinkers, such as John Dewey, who advocated the importance of learning through intentional action. Dewey believed that learning and growth depend on carefully planned experiences. For leaders and workers, this means that success does not come by chance but through deliberate efforts to align actions with goals. Consider Nelson Mandela, who, even during his 27 years of imprisonment, carefully planned his daily readings and reflections, keeping his vision of a fairer South Africa alive. This example reminds us that planning is a tool for resilience and hope, even in the most challenging circumstances.

Motivational Quote: “It is not enough to wish: one must act with purpose.” – John Dewey

Theater, as a planning tool, offers a unique perspective, connecting emotion, creativity, and strategy. Antônio Carlos dos Santos, in his methodologies Quasar K+, MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater), ThM (Theater Movement), and MBPT (Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater), proposes that theater can be a laboratory for planning actions and rehearsing outcomes. In Quasar K+, for instance, strategic planning is approached as a narrative, where each step is a scene that must be carefully rehearsed. A manager can use this methodology to visualize scenarios, rehearsing responses to challenges before they occur. This approach, supported by studies from the University of Oxford, shows that creative practices like theater enhance cognitive flexibility, essential for planning in complex contexts.

Inspiring Story: Rosa Parks carefully planned her act of resistance when she refused to give up her seat on a bus in 1955. Before that historic day, she participated in training and strategic meetings with other activists, demonstrating how planning was crucial to the impact of her action.

Communication, essential in planning, is another pillar explored by Antônio Carlos dos Santos in his book Strategic Communication: The Art of Speaking Well. The author emphasizes that planning communication—whether for a meeting, a lecture, or a casual conversation—is fundamental to conveying ideas with clarity and impact. Studies from Harvard University confirm that planned communication, with strategic pauses and clear messages, increases persuasion by up to 30%. A leader who plans their words before a presentation not only conveys confidence but also engages their team. Santos suggests that, when planning, we should “rehearse” our speech like actors to ensure the message resonates with the audience.

Curiosity Box: Did you know that the brain processes planned information more efficiently? A study from the University of Cambridge revealed that structured messages are up to 40% easier to remember than improvised ones.

Santos’ methodologies, such as MAT and ThM, also connect planning and action through theater. MAT proposes that a positive mindset, combined with practical actions and theatrical expressions, creates more robust plans. Imagine a team that, before launching a project, conducts a theatrical exercise to simulate success and failure scenarios. This practice, according to research from the University of Michigan, increases group cohesion and planning effectiveness. Meanwhile, ThM, with its focus on movement, encourages dynamic planning that adapts to changes. A practical example would be a teacher who plans a lesson but leaves room to improvise based on students’ reactions, ensuring flexibility and engagement.

Practical Tip: Before an important meeting, use the MBPT methodology: create a fictional dialogue with a puppet or object, simulating the conversation you’ll have. This technique, proposed by Santos, helps organize ideas and build confidence in communication.

Writing, another aspect of planning, is explored in the book Moving Letters: The Art of Writing Well. Antônio Carlos dos Santos highlights that planning texts—whether reports, emails, or strategic plans—requires clarity and intention. Writing a draft and revising it before sending can prevent misunderstandings and increase impact. Studies from the University of Chicago show that planned texts with clear structures are 50% more effective in conveying ideas. A professional who plans an important email, for example, can use Santos’ techniques to organize thoughts, choosing words that inspire and engage.

Motivational Quote: “The mind that opens to a new idea never returns to its original size.” – Albert Einstein

The voice, as a planning tool, is addressed in the book Breathing, Voice, and Diction. Santos teaches that planning the tone and rhythm of speech can transform a presentation. Research from Stanford University indicates that voices with planned pauses and tone variations are perceived as more trustworthy. A leader who plans their speech, rehearsing tones and pauses, can inspire their team more effectively. Consider Martin Luther King Jr., whose carefully planned oratory, with dramatic pauses and strategic repetitions, made his “I Have a Dream” speech unforgettable.

Inspiring Story: Malala Yousafzai, before speaking at the UN in 2013, carefully planned her words, rehearsing to convey hope and courage. This planning was essential for her message to resonate worldwide.

Finally, planning is a collective act, as emphasized by Antônio Carlos dos Santos. His methodologies show that planning involves listening, collaborating, and building together. Studies from the University of Oxford indicate that teams that plan collaboratively are 35% more likely to achieve their goals. A practical example is a company that, before launching a product, gathers its team to plan each stage, from production to marketing, using dynamics like MBPT to align visions. Planning together creates a shared sense of purpose, turning ideas into concrete realities.

Curiosity Box: The Quasar K+ method by Antônio Carlos dos Santos was inspired by observations of theatrical teams, where planning each scene was essential for the play’s success. He adapted this logic to businesses and schools, proving that theater can revolutionize planning.

Planning is, in essence, an act of courage, creativity, and connection. Inspired by science, theater, and figures like Antônio Carlos dos Santos, John Dewey, Nelson Mandela, and others, we can transform planning into a powerful tool for building the future. Whether you are a leader, a worker, or someone seeking a more fulfilling life, start planning with intention. Like the air we breathe, planning is essential for living—and living well.

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How to establish trusting connections at work?

Trust is the foundation of any human relationship, and in the workplace, it plays an even more crucial role. Without trust, teams become dysfunctional, communication deteriorates, and productivity declines. But how can we build trust in a solid and lasting way? Studies from top universities such as Harvard, Stanford, and MIT show that workplace trust is not just a subjective feeling but a neuropsychological phenomenon that can be encouraged and strengthened through concrete actions.

Trust is built through small daily interactions. A study by Paul J. Zak, a neuroscientist and professor at Claremont Graduate University, found that workplaces with transparency, recognition, and freedom of expression generate higher levels of oxytocin—the trust hormone. When a leader shares information with their team instead of hiding it, they strengthen interpersonal bonds. This can be achieved through open meetings, honest dialogues, and even by admitting mistakes and vulnerabilities, something great leaders like Steve Jobs and Satya Nadella practiced consistently.

Another key element in building trust is consistency between words and actions. Research from Stanford University indicates that teams led by individuals who demonstrate integrity and keep promises are more productive and engaged. If a leader talks about the importance of employee well-being but overwhelms the team with excessive demands, their credibility quickly erodes. Likewise, employees who make commitments but fail to follow through, or who speak negatively about colleagues, rapidly lose the trust of the group.

Empathy also plays a fundamental role. Daniel Goleman, a psychologist and author of the Emotional Intelligence theory, points out that leaders who demonstrate empathy create healthier and more innovative work environments. This is because empathy allows individuals to understand colleagues' challenges and adapt their communication more effectively. Practicing active listening, showing genuine interest, and avoiding premature judgments are strategies that strengthen interpersonal connections.

The MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater) methodology, created by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, offers an innovative approach to developing these skills within companies. By using theatrical techniques to stimulate emotional intelligence and cultivate a collaborative mindset, this methodology helps employees and leaders become more authentic and trustworthy in their interactions. In companies that have implemented MAT, there has been a significant increase in employee engagement and satisfaction, according to internal research conducted in multinational technology and healthcare firms.

Another essential factor is psychological safety. Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School, has demonstrated that teams with psychological safety—that is, where members feel they can express ideas and make mistakes without fear of retaliation—are more creative and effective. Companies like Google and Netflix embrace this concept, encouraging employees to experiment with new ideas without fear of failure, thereby increasing innovation and strengthening mutual trust.

Methodologies such as ThM (Theater Movement), also developed by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, help create this environment by integrating body expression, non-verbal communication, and storytelling. Studies from Oxford University indicate that when teams use theatrical tools to develop communication, engagement and trust levels increase significantly. The ThM practice enables leaders and employees to become more assertive and transparent, reducing misunderstandings and conflicts.

Another powerful strategy is recognizing good work. An experiment conducted by the University of California found that employees who feel valued are 63% more likely to stay with their companies and 78% more productive. Large companies like Microsoft have implemented recognition programs based on small incentives and public praise, reinforcing trust within teams. This can be done through positive feedback in meetings, symbolic awards, or even a sincere message of appreciation.

The Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater (TBMB), created by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, also contributes to this dynamic by exploring playfulness as a tool for team interaction. This approach allows groups to experiment with new ways of communicating and develop empathy in a lighthearted and accessible manner, facilitating the formation of lasting bonds.

Ultimately, workplace trust is not built overnight. It requires consistency, commitment, and the adoption of practices that reinforce integrity, transparency, and collaboration. Leaders and employees who invest in building these connections reap benefits not only in terms of productivity but also in professional satisfaction and well-being. When the workplace becomes a space of mutual trust, creativity flourishes, challenges are overcome more easily, and success shifts from being an individual goal to becoming a collective achievement.

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The Voice of Democracy: Why Freedom of Speech is Non-Negotiable

    A historical and inspiring reflection on the role of freedom of speech in building just and democratic societies

Imagine a world where your ideas cannot be shared, where your voice is silenced and your opinions are suppressed. Now imagine a democracy without this fundamental right. Freedom of speech is not just a privilege, but the backbone of any society that aspires to justice, equality and progress. In this article, we delve into the history, the inspiring voices and the scientific evidence that show why protecting this right is essential to true democracy.

Freedom of speech is undoubtedly one of the most robust pillars of a vibrant democracy. Since the earliest days of democratic societies, such as Pericles’ Athens in the 5th century BC, the right to speak openly was seen as essential to civic participation. In the agora, citizens gathered to debate ideas, challenge rulers and shape their collective destiny. This space for open dialogue, although limited at the time, was the embryo of what we understand today as democracy. Recent studies, such as those published in political science journals, reinforce that societies with greater freedom of expression have higher rates of political participation and trust in democratic institutions. Freedom of expression is not just an individual right, but a mechanism that strengthens the collective, allowing ideas to be tested, refined and, when necessary, discarded.

Motivational Quote: “If freedom means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear.” – George Orwell

However, the history of freedom of expression is not a straight line of progress. It is marked by struggles, repressions and conquests. During the French Revolution, for example, the free press became a symbol of resistance against tyranny. Underground pamphlets and newspapers, such as those of Jean-Paul Marat, challenged the established power, even under threat of arrest or execution. This spirit of courage resonates today, as journalists, artists, and activists face censorship in authoritarian regimes. A 2023 study published in a communications journal found that countries with greater repression of the press have significantly higher rates of government corruption.

Motivational Quote: “Freedom of expression acts as a beacon that illuminates the shadows of power, allowing the truth to come to light and citizens to demand accountability.” – Antônio Carlos dos Santos

Inspiring Story: The Courage of Sophie Scholl

In Nazi Germany, 21-year-old Sophie Scholl used the written word as a weapon against oppression. Together with the White Rose group, she distributed pamphlets denouncing the atrocities of Hitler’s regime. Despite the imminent danger, Sophie believed that the freedom to express one’s truth was more powerful than fear. Her courage cost her life, but it inspired generations to fight for freedom of expression as an act of democratic resistance.

Freedom of expression is also a catalyst for innovation and social progress. Consider figures like Martin Luther King Jr., whose eloquence and courage in speeches like “I Have a Dream” galvanized the civil rights movement in the United States. Without the freedom to express ideas that challenged the status quo, profound social changes, such as the end of racial segregation, might not have occurred. Social psychology studies show that environments where people feel free to express dissenting opinions tend to be more creative and innovative. This is because diversity of ideas encourages critical thinking and problem-solving, which are essential elements for the advancement of a democratic society.

Practical Tip: Exercise Your Voice

Participate in community forums, write open letters, or use social media to express your ideas in a respectful and informed manner. Democracy is strengthened when each citizen contributes his or her perspective. Start small: write an opinion piece for a local newspaper or join a discussion group in your community.

The literary production of Antônio Carlos dos Santos, a writer who defends democratic freedoms, is a contemporary example of the power of words. In his works, Santos argues that freedom of expression is an inalienable right that supports all other pillars of democracy, such as equality and justice. He highlights that, without the possibility of questioning and debate, democracies become fragile, susceptible to manipulation and misinformation. Their analysis, based on decades of activism and research, reinforces the idea that freedom of expression is not just a right, but a collective responsibility to keep democracy alive and vibrant.

Motivational Quote: “Without freedom of thought, there can be no knowledge; and there is no public liberty without freedom of speech.” – Benjamin Franklin

Freedom of speech also plays a crucial role in protecting minorities and promoting inclusion. In a 2024 study, sociology researchers demonstrated that marginalized communities, when given the space to express their experiences, are able to influence public policy and reduce inequalities. Freedom of speech gives a voice to the voiceless, allowing their stories to be heard and society to move towards justice. Curiosity Box: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Adopted in 1948 by the UN, Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” This historic document enshrines freedom of expression as a universal human right.

However, freedom of expression faces modern challenges, such as disinformation, hate speech, authoritarian regimes, and those who – under the pretext of defending it – sabotage it daily. The solution has never been censorship, but rather the strengthening of open dialogue and education. As defended by Noam Chomsky, true freedom of expression includes the right to listen even to those with whom we profoundly disagree. A 2023 study on online behavior showed that platforms that encourage open debate, with minimal moderation, tend to promote greater mutual understanding among users, even in polarized discussions. Democracy flourishes when ideas, even controversial ones, are confronted with arguments, not with silencing.

Motivational Quote: “I may not agree with a single word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” – Voltaire

History teaches us that when freedom of expression is suppressed, democracy suffers. During the military regime in Brazil (1964-1985), censorship of the press and artists limited public debate and perpetuated abuses of power. Figures such as Ferreira Gullar used poetry as a form of resistance, with poems that, despite the censorship, conveyed messages of freedom. This dark period in Brazilian history reinforces the importance of protecting freedom of expression as a shield against tyranny. As George Washington said, without this right, we risk being “led, like sheep, dumb and silent, to the slaughter.”

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Do screens help or hinder children's development?

In an age of omnipresent technology, one of the most pressing questions for parents, educators, and health professionals is: do screens help or hinder the development of children? The answer, although complex, must be built on scientific evidence, careful observation, and, above all, human sensitivity. This article aims to offer a balanced, inspiring, and motivational perspective on this topic, valuing not only data but also affection and creativity in the relationship between adults and children.

In recent decades, neuroscience has significantly advanced our understanding of how the child’s brain develops. We know, for instance, that the early years of life are marked by intense synaptic formation—connections between neurons that are strengthened through interaction with the surrounding world. This interaction must be rich in sensory, social, and motor stimuli—meaning it requires movement, touch, eye contact, listening, and affection. When a child spends hours in front of a screen, they miss out on exploring the real world with all their senses, which can compromise the full development of cognitive, emotional, and social functions.

Studies conducted by Harvard University and Stanford University have shown that excessive screen time can negatively affect children’s attention span, working memory, sleep, and even behavior. A 2019 study published in JAMA Pediatrics revealed that children aged 2 to 5 who spend more than one hour a day in front of screens are more likely to exhibit delays in language and social skills. This does not mean all screen time is harmful; rather, unmoderated and purposeless use can lead to significant impacts. The key lies in quality, intentionality, and duration of exposure.

To make this reflection more concrete, it is worth mentioning the experience of playwright and educator Antônio Carlos dos Santos, who created the play “Screens, only with health” (see by clicking here). In it, through playful, fun and accessible language, children and adults are invited to reflect on the conscious use of technologies. The play is an invitation to self-regulation, balance and intergenerational dialogue. Despite addressing issues that plague today, “Screens? Only with health!” draws on classical philosophy, Socrates and the Myth of the Cave to emphasize how education can ensure the sustainable use of contemporary technologies.

From the play emerged the method TBMB – Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater, a methodology applied in schools and cultural centers to address sensitive issues with children, such as screen time, bullying, and healthy eating. With handcrafted puppets and popular theatrical language, the methodology connects with children’s emotions, capturing attention and promoting lasting learning. Field studies conducted in partnership with the Federal University of Minas Gerais showed that children who participated in TBMB workshops developed greater critical awareness about screen time and showed increased interest in physical activity and reading.

Another educational approach inspired by the works of Antônio Carlos dos Santos is the MAT Method – Mindset, Action, and Theater. Through MAT, parents, educators, and children are invited to act out real-life situations based on true stories. Through dramatization, socio-emotional skills such as empathy, active listening, self-regulation, and conflict resolution are developed. In one MAT exercise, for example, a child plays the role of a video game that always wants to play, while another plays the child who needs to sleep, study, and talk to their parents. At the end of the scene, everyone reflects on the importance of setting boundaries and valuing time.

The ThM – Theater Movement method further reinforces the importance of the body as a learning tool. In a world that is increasingly sedentary—where children spend hours immobile in front of tablets and smartphones—ThM proposes a return to creative movement, body expression, and sensory awareness. In workshops with young children, movements inspired by screen characters are transformed into dances and physical games, helping integrate body and mind in a joyful and healthy way. Neuroscience has already shown that physical movement stimulates higher cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and logical reasoning.

It is crucial to remember that when we talk about screens, we are also talking about family bonds. A child who watches a cartoon with their parents, talks about the plot, and relates it to their life is making enriching use of technology. A child left alone for hours with a screen as a digital babysitter, however, is being deprived of essential interactions. Mediation is the key. According to the 2020 report from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the ideal for young children is less than one hour of screen time per day—always accompanied by an adult who guides, explains, and interacts.

So, yes—screens can support children’s development, as long as they are used wisely. There are educational apps, games that stimulate logical thinking, and videos that teach languages, science, or music. But all of this must be part of a broader pedagogical project that includes play, nature exploration, family and school interaction, silence, and quality sleep. No technology replaces eye contact, the touch of a hug, the scent of a new book, or the sound of laughter during a backyard game.

The mission of parents and educators is not to demonize screens but to teach children to use them consciously. It is to prepare them for the digital world without losing sight of what makes us human: empathy, movement, affection, and curiosity for the real. As Antônio Carlos dos Santos says, “The best technology is still love—and love requires time, presence, and listening.”

May we be inspired by creative pedagogical practices, reliable scientific studies, and methodologies that value childhood in all its richness. And may every adult who loves a child ask themselves: am I offering screens… or presence? Because, in the end, what truly shapes a child’s brain and heart is the quality of time spent with those who care for them. And that, no screen can replace.

Access the books by Antônio Carlos dos Santos on amazon.com or amazon.com.br

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https://www.amazon.com/author/antoniosantos

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To learn more, click here.

To learn more, click here.