The shadow of envy: Shakespeare’s lessons for leaders and organizations

How envy, as depicted in Othello, can devastate lives and institutions, and what leaders and workers can do to combat it with planning and action.
In Othello, Shakespeare warns us: envy is a destructive force that erodes people, families, and organizations. But with modern planning and creative strategies, we can transform this poison into opportunities for growth.

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Four centuries after its creation, Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare remains a timeless work, its lessons resonating in power dynamics, human relationships, and modern organizations. At the heart of the tragedy lies envy, embodied by Iago, a villain whose covetousness triggers a chain of destruction. In his book Othello, by Shakespeare: Envy Destroys People, Families, and Organizations, Antônio Carlos dos Santos examines how this profoundly human yet devastating emotion undermines individuals, households, and institutions. Envy, Santos argues, is not merely a personal feeling; it is a force that, if left unchecked, can lead to the collapse of companies, governments, and communities. This article explores these connections, offering scientific insights, planning strategies, and innovative methodologies, such as those developed by Santos, to inspire leaders and workers to overcome procrastination and envy, fostering healthier and more productive environments.

Motivational Quote: “Envy is the poison that taints the soul and paralyzes progress.” – Antônio Carlos dos Santos

Envy, as described by Santos, arises from comparisons that highlight the absence of something desired—be it a material possession, a quality, or a social position. In Othello, Iago is driven by envy of Cassio’s promotion and Othello’s perceived superiority, manipulating those around him to achieve his goals. Recent studies, such as one from Stanford University in 2023, show that envy in the workplace reduces productivity by 15% and increases interpersonal conflicts by 20%. This emotion, when unmanaged, fuels procrastination, as envious individuals may sabotage colleagues or avoid tasks out of fear of not outshining others. Santos, through his Quasar K+ strategic planning methodology, proposes a practical approach to counter these issues: aligning collective goals, promoting transparency, and encouraging meritocracy. Quasar K+ has been successfully implemented in public organizations, as we will explore, reducing procrastination and enhancing collaboration.

Curiosity Box: What is envy, according to science?
Research from Harvard University (2022) defines envy as a complex emotion combining admiration and resentment. It activates the prefrontal cortex, associated with social comparison, and can lead to destructive behaviors, such as gossip or sabotage, or constructive ones, like motivation to improve, depending on how it is managed.

The historical context of Othello reflects the tensions of a Europe in transformation during the 17th century, marked by economic and political shifts. The rise of the bourgeoisie challenged the nobility, creating a disconnect between economic and political power—a dynamic Santos compares to modern organizations, where envy often stems from unequal promotions, salaries, or recognition. In Strategic Communication: The Art of Speaking Well, Santos emphasizes that clear communication is essential to mitigate misunderstandings that fuel envy. He suggests leaders use active listening and constructive feedback, practices that, according to a 2024 study from the University of São Paulo (USP), increase team trust by 30%. Santos’ MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater) methodology complements this approach, using theater to teach leaders how to recognize and redirect negative emotions like envy into productive actions.

Inspiring Story: The leader who overcame envy
Ana, a manager at a state-owned company, faced a toxic environment where colleagues competed for promotions, fostering gossip and envy. Inspired by Santos’ Quasar K+ methodology, she implemented weekly alignment meetings where everyone shared goals and achievements. Within six months, team productivity rose by 25%, and conflicts decreased. Ana learned that transparency and collaboration are powerful antidotes to envy.

The Quasar K+ methodology is particularly effective in public organizations, where procrastination and envy can be exacerbated by bureaucracy and lack of meritocracy. A practical example occurred in a Brazilian state-owned company in 2023. The human resources department faced chronic delays in project delivery, with employees procrastinating due to internal rivalries. Using Quasar K+, leadership developed a strategic plan with four steps: 1) mapping competencies to recognize talent; 2) setting clear, shared goals; 3) conducting theater-based workshops inspired by MAT to improve communication; and 4) continuous monitoring with feedback. Within three months, project completion rates rose from 60% to 85%, according to an internal report. The use of theater, drawn from Santos’ Moving Letters: The Art of Writing Well, helped employees express frustrations creatively, reducing tensions.

Practical Tip: How to use Quasar K+ to combat procrastination

1.      Gather your team and identify procrastinated tasks, noting reasons (e.g., fear of failure, envy of colleagues).

2.      Set specific, measurable goals, breaking large projects into smaller steps.

3.      Organize a theatrical session (inspired by MAT) where each member acts out an obstacle and proposes solutions.

4.      Track progress weekly, celebrating small wins to maintain motivation.

Santos’ ThM (Theater Movement) methodology, detailed in Total theater, Theater Movement, is also powerful for addressing envy. ThM combines physical movement and theater to release emotional tensions, fostering empathy and collaboration. A 2024 study from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) found that movement-based theatrical activities increase team cohesion by 22%, reducing envious behaviors. In Othello, Othello’s inability to control his emotions, manipulated by Iago, leads to tragedy. Santos argues that leaders must learn to “breathe” before acting, using diction and movement techniques to maintain clarity under pressure. These practices help avoid impulsive decisions, common in environments where envy prevails.

Envy also impacts families and communities, as Santos explores in his book. In Othello, Iago’s envy destroys Othello and Desdemona’s marriage, showing how toxic emotions can erode personal bonds. A 2023 study from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) found that envy among family members reduces cooperation by 18%, affecting dynamics like mutual support. Santos’ TBMB (Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater) methodology offers a creative solution: using puppets to stage family conflicts, allowing people to express emotions safely. In a community project in Salvador, TBMB reduced tensions in 40% of participating families, according to a local report. This playful approach transforms envy into dialogue, promoting mutual understanding.

Curiosity Box: Why is Iago such a memorable villain?
Iago, the antagonist in Othello, is considered one of literature’s greatest villains for his ability to manipulate without a clear motive beyond envy. Psychological studies from the University of Oxford (2021) suggest that characters like Iago embody “malignant envy,” which seeks to destroy others without direct personal gain, a trait present in 10% of organizational conflicts.

For leaders, the challenge is to create organizational cultures that neutralize envy. Santos, in Othello, by Shakespeare, highlights the importance of meritocracy and transparency to reduce rivalries. A 2024 study from the University of Campinas (Unicamp) showed that companies with clear reward systems experience 25% fewer cases of envy-driven sabotage. Quasar K+ reinforces this by promoting strategic planning that aligns individual and collective interests. Additionally, MAT and ThM teach leaders to recognize signs of envy—such as gossip or resistance to change—and intervene with activities that build trust. These methodologies turn envy into motivation, encouraging teams to work together toward shared goals.

Inspiring Story: The team that overcame rivalries
In a tech company, two programmers, Pedro and Lucas, competed for a promotion, creating an envious atmosphere that delayed projects. Their manager, trained in Santos’ ThM, organized a session where each employee used theatrical movements to express frustrations. Pedro and Lucas realized their insecurities were similar and began collaborating. The team completed the project ahead of schedule, and both were promoted.

The legacy of Othello and Antônio Carlos dos Santos’ ideas is a call to action. Envy can destroy, but it can also be a catalyst for growth if channeled correctly. Leaders, workers, and families should adopt strategies like Quasar K+, MAT, ThM, and TBMB to transform negative emotions into collaboration and productivity. As Santos writes in Strategic Communication, “speaking well is listening well, and listening well is building bridges.” Let’s build those bridges, overcoming procrastination and envy to create a fairer, more harmonious future. Draw inspiration from Shakespeare, plan with purpose, and act with courage—the stage is yours.

Practical Tip: Neutralize envy in the workplace

1.      Recognize signs of envy, such as sarcastic comments or withdrawal.

2.      Hold an open meeting (using MAT) to discuss challenges and align expectations.

3.      Create a fair recognition system, highlighting everyone’s achievements.

4.      Use TBMB in training to stage conflicts and find creative solutions.

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A long life: how planning and science can transform the future

             Discover how genomic science, combined with strategic planning and creative expression, can revolutionize your health and purpose

What if you could live to 150 with health, energy, and purpose? The science of genetics, paired with strategic planning and creative practices, is paving new paths to longevity. Get inspired and learn how to lead your life toward a longer, fuller future!

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Living to 150 years old may seem like a distant dream, but modern science is making this possibility increasingly real. Advances in genetics, coupled with strategic life planning and creative practices, are redefining what it means to age. Recent studies in genomics show that factors like the activation of longevity-related genes, such as SIRT1, can be influenced by lifestyle, diet, and even mindset. Picture planning your life as a long-term project, where every choice is a step toward health and personal fulfillment. The Quasar K+ methodology by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, focused on strategic planning, provides a model for structuring this path, emphasizing clear goals and consistent actions. Just as a leader organizes a company for success, you can plan your life to maximize health and purpose, inspired by science and art.

Motivational Quote: “Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world.” – Nelson Mandela

Genetics is at the heart of this revolution. Research published in the last five years shows that genes associated with DNA repair and resistance to oxidative stress play a crucial role in longevity. For instance, studies with centenarians reveal that certain genetic polymorphisms, combined with healthy habits like antioxidant-rich diets and regular exercise, can slow cellular aging. But biology isn’t the only factor. The MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater) methodology, created by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, suggests that a positive mindset and creative expression, such as theater, can reduce stress and improve mental health, directly impacting longevity. In the book Strategic Communication: The Art of Speaking Well, Santos explores how clear and inspiring communication strengthens human connections, a factor proven by social psychology studies to be essential for a long and healthy life.

Inspiring Story: Malala Yousafzai, after surviving an assassination attempt, transformed her life into a mission for education and global impact. Her resilience and planning to achieve goals, even in the face of adversity, reflect the importance of aligning purpose and action, as suggested by longevity science.

Strategic planning, as taught by the Quasar K+ methodology, is a powerful tool for aligning daily actions with long-term goals. Just as companies plan decades ahead, individuals can use this approach to create routines that promote health and well-being. Neuroscience studies show that structured planning reduces anxiety and improves decision-making, freeing the prefrontal cortex to focus on healthy choices. For example, planning balanced meals and including regular physical activity can activate genetic pathways that protect against chronic diseases. The ThM (Theater Movement) methodology, also by Santos, complements this process by using theater as a form of expression that stimulates creativity and reduces stress, promoting emotional balance. In the book Breathing, Voice, and Diction, Santos details how breathing and vocal expression techniques can enhance mental and physical health, reinforcing the connection between body and mind.

Practical Tip: Create a weekly plan with three simple goals: one for health (like walking 30 minutes a day), one for learning (reading a scientific article), and one for social connection (talking with a friend). Review and adjust the plan every week, as a strategist would using Quasar K+.

Creative expression, such as theater, also plays a surprising role in longevity. Recent neuroscience studies indicate that artistic activities, like those proposed in MBPT (Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater), stimulate neuroplasticity, keeping the brain young and active. MBPT, described by Santos in his works, uses puppets made from recycled materials to engage communities in narratives that promote reflection and well-being. A practical example is the use of puppet theater workshops in nursing homes, where seniors report greater life satisfaction after participating. Science confirms that creative activities lower cortisol levels, the stress hormone that, when elevated, accelerates aging. Thus, integrating art into daily planning can be a powerful strategy for living longer and better.

Curiosity: Did you know that people living in “blue zones,” like Okinawa, Japan, combine diet, exercise, and strong community ties to live past 100? These practices align with the principles of strategic planning and creative expression.

The connection between genetics and lifestyle is increasingly clear. Epigenetic research shows that environmental factors, like adequate sleep and stress reduction, can “turn on” or “turn off” genes related to longevity. For example, regular meditation practice, which can be incorporated into MAT, has been linked to increased expression of genes that protect telomeres, the chromosome ends that determine cell lifespan. The book Moving Letters: The Art of Writing Well by Santos highlights how reflective writing can be a way to plan and express emotions, promoting mental clarity and emotional health. Leaders who adopt these practices, like journaling or creating inspiring narratives, report greater resilience, a key factor for facing the challenges of a long life.

Inspiring Story: Nelson Mandela planned his life even in prison, studying, writing, and maintaining his vision for a better future. His ability to stay focused on long-term goals, even in extreme conditions, is an example of how strategic planning can sustain health and purpose.

Mental health is as important as physical health for longevity. Studies show that people with strong social networks and a sense of purpose live longer. The MBPT methodology, with its focus on communities, promotes this sense of belonging. Puppet theater workshops, for example, bring together people of different ages to create and tell stories, strengthening bonds and reducing loneliness. Neuroscience confirms that social connections activate the brain’s reward system, releasing dopamine and promoting well-being. Leaders and workers can apply this by planning meaningful interactions at work, such as group dynamics inspired by ThM, which use theater to resolve conflicts and encourage collaboration.

Motivational Quote: “Learning is a process of discovery that transforms who we are and how we live.” – Carl Rogers

The future of longevity depends on integrating science, planning, and creativity. Genomic research is developing therapies that can repair cellular damage, while strategic planning, as in Quasar K+, helps align these discoveries with practical actions. Imagine a leader using MAT to inspire their team to adopt healthy habits or a worker incorporating MBPT to create community projects. These approaches, detailed in Santos’ works, show that longevity is not just about living longer but living with purpose. Just as Martin Luther King Jr. planned movements that transformed society, each of us can plan a life that combines health, creativity, and impact.

Practical Tip: Use the MAT methodology to create a morning ritual: 5 minutes of reflection (mindset), 5 minutes of planning (action), and 5 minutes of creative expression (like writing or drawing). This aligns your mind and body for a productive and healthy day.

The journey to a 150-year life is both scientific and human. Genetics provides the map, planning gives the direction, and creativity supplies the energy to keep going. Antônio Carlos dos Santos’ methodologies offer practical tools to make this dream a reality, while stories like those of Malala and Mandela remind us that resilience and purpose are the key. May this article inspire you to plan your life with intention, live with creativity, and pursue longevity with passion and purpose.

Curiosity: Studies suggest that practicing gratitude, like writing three things you’re thankful for daily, can increase the expression of longevity-related genes by up to 20%!

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The holistic development of children through the Pedagogies of Creativity and Autonomy (PCA)

A quiet revolution at the heart of childhood

          The holistic development of children is one of the most noble and necessary goals of contemporary education. More than transmitting content, educating today means helping children develop in all dimensions: cognitive, emotional, social, physical, and ethical. To achieve this ideal, we need pedagogies that recognize the child as an active subject, capable of creating meaning and expressing themselves freely. In this context, the Pedagogies of Creativity and Autonomy (PCA)—a set of innovative methodologies developed by professor and playwright Antônio Carlos dos Santos—offer a new way to see, hear, and educate our children through art, playfulness, and affection.

When we observe a child in their early years, we see an insatiable curiosity, an intense desire to explore, and a natural yearning for autonomy. Research in neurodevelopment, such as those by the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, shows that emotionally, physically, and symbolically rich experiences in early childhood are crucial for forming the neural connections that sustain lifelong learning. The PCA pedagogies respond directly to this need: they create sensitive, aesthetic, and interactive educational environments that stimulate multiple forms of expression and thought.

One of the core elements of these pedagogies is the Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater (TBMB), created by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, inspired by Brazilian popular culture and European theatrical pedagogy. TBMB is not just puppetry—it is a methodology in which the child becomes the author of their own narrative. During the activities, children create characters, build sets, and act out symbolic conflicts that reflect their inner world. Take the story of eight-year-old Davi, who portrayed a lonely puppet seeking friendship. Through this performance, he expressed his own recent struggles adapting to a new school. The educator, attentive to the metaphor, was able to offer support and propose new social integration activities. TBMB transforms play into a tool for listening and care.

The second PCA methodology is MAT – Mindset, Action and Theater, which combines the evolution of constructivist thinking with the neuroscience of motivation and theatrical practice. Here, children experience learning situations that challenge their beliefs about themselves. They are encouraged to experiment, make mistakes, reflect and try again, developing what psychologist Carol Dweck calls a “growth mindset”. Through role-playing games, improvisations and simulations of real dilemmas, such as resolving a conflict during recess or overcoming the fear of performing, children build resilience and self-regulation. In a public school in the interior of Minas Gerais, for example, the application of MAT for six months significantly reduced cases of indiscipline and increased students’ self-esteem, according to reports from teachers and pedagogical observers.

The third pillar of the PCA is ThM – Theater Movement, which sees the body as a mediator of thought. Drawing inspiration from eurythmy, physical theater, and relational psychomotricity, ThM invites children to explore space, rhythm, and movement as legitimate ways of learning and expressing themselves. In a world increasingly digital and sedentary, ThM rescues the body’s central role in cognition. Take Maria, a six-year-old who showed difficulties with attention and speech. After participating in ThM sessions, her bodily expression flourished, and she began narrating stories first through gestures, then with words. Studies from the University of Bologna confirm that rich bodily experiences strengthen brain regions linked to language and memory.

PCA is more than a methodology: it is an educational philosophy. It recognizes that children learn best when they are emotionally involved, when they can actively participate in the construction of knowledge, and when their pace and uniqueness are respected. Antônio Carlos dos Santos, in his vast production of children's literature, presents us with characters who overcome fears, discover talents, and build bridges between the imaginary and the real. These are stories that inspire, provoke, and, above all, embrace the complexity of childhood.

The impact of PCA on holistic development is profound. By stimulating creativity, empathy, critical thinking, and cooperation, these pedagogies prepare children not just for tests but for ethical, sensitive, and innovative living. Reports from UNESCO and the OECD emphasize that 21st-century competencies go beyond technical skills and include socio-emotional intelligence, communication, autonomy, and the ability to solve complex problems. PCA offers a concrete and joyful path to cultivating these competencies from early childhood.

Parents and educators play a central role in this process. They must become active partners in the daily application of PCA—whether by encouraging imaginative play, allowing children to make choices, or validating mistakes as part of learning. A mother who listens to her child create characters with toys, or a teacher who transforms a classroom into a stage for experimentation, is already living the spirit of the Pedagogies of Creativity and Autonomy.

The daily implementation of PCA—in schools, homes, and community projects—turns educational spaces into territories of affection and discovery. Rather than expecting all children to arrive at the same destination at the same time, PCA allows each child to flourish in their own way. In doing so, they expand the reach of education—not only forming students but nurturing freer, more empathetic, and joyful human beings.

Ultimately, educating with the Pedagogies of Creativity and Autonomy is an act of faith in the power of childhood. It means believing that each child carries within them a unique spark, ready to light up the world — as long as someone believes, encourages, and allows them to shine. As Antônio Carlos dos Santos himself wrote: “Education is not about fitting in, but about liberation. More than recipes and molds, childhood needs wings.”

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Getting to know Jean Piaget in ten steps

Understanding the development of intelligence in children has been one of the greatest challenges in psychology and education. Among the great scholars of cognitive development, Jean Piaget (1896–1980) stands out as a pioneer, offering revolutionary insights into how children learn and evolve intellectually. His research has influenced generations of educators, psychologists, and parents worldwide. In this article, we will explore Piaget's legacy in ten essential steps, providing a clear and inspiring overview of his contributions to education and childhood development.

Jean Piaget was a Swiss biologist and epistemologist whose curiosity about children's thought processes led him to develop an entirely new understanding of human learning. He began his career studying mollusks but soon realized that his true passion was deciphering the way children's minds work. He noticed that children do not think like miniature adults but rather go through structured and predictable cognitive development stages. This discovery laid the foundation for what would become his theory of cognitive development.

The first major contribution of Piaget was the identification of four stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotor stage (0–2 years), preoperational stage (2–7 years), concrete operational stage (7–11 years), and formal operational stage (12 years and beyond). Each stage represents a qualitative leap in a child’s cognitive abilities, with unique characteristics that determine how they perceive and interact with the world. Understanding these stages is fundamental for educators and parents in adapting their teaching strategies to each child's development level.

One of Piaget’s key concepts is the idea of schemas, which are cognitive structures that help individuals organize and interpret information. When children encounter new experiences, they assimilate them into existing schemas or accommodate their schemas to fit the new information. This continuous process of adaptation is the core of intellectual growth. For instance, a child who only knows dogs may initially call all four-legged animals "dogs." Over time, through experiences, they refine their schemas to differentiate between different species.

The concept of constructivism, which Piaget helped establish, is another cornerstone of his work. According to this theory, knowledge is not simply transmitted from teacher to student; rather, children actively build their understanding through exploration and discovery. This approach revolutionized education, shifting from a passive learning model to a more dynamic and interactive one. Today, constructivist teaching methods are widely used, encouraging students to engage, question, and experiment rather than simply memorize information.

Piaget’s research also revealed the importance of play in learning. He demonstrated that children use play to explore their environment, test new ideas, and develop problem-solving skills. This insight aligns with the methodologies created by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, such as TBMB (Teatro de Bonecos Mané Beiçudo), MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater), and ThM (Theater Movement). These methodologies use theatrical elements to stimulate cognitive and emotional development, reinforcing Piaget’s idea that hands-on experiences and creative expression are essential to learning.

Another fundamental aspect of Piaget’s theory is egocentrism in childhood. He observed that young children often have difficulty seeing things from others' perspectives. This characteristic gradually diminishes as they grow, particularly in the concrete operational stage when they start developing logical reasoning and empathy. Understanding this aspect helps educators and parents guide children towards more collaborative and socially aware interactions.

Piaget also introduced the concept of conservation, which refers to a child's ability to understand that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance. For example, a child in the preoperational stage may believe that a tall, narrow glass holds more liquid than a short, wide one, even if they contain the same amount. The development of conservation marks a critical point in cognitive maturity, highlighting how children's thinking evolves in structured steps.

His work significantly influenced modern education, inspiring strategies that prioritize critical thinking, problem-solving, and active engagement in learning. Many of his ideas have been incorporated into contemporary pedagogical approaches, including project-based learning and inquiry-based education. These approaches align with his belief that learning should be an active and self-directed process rather than a passive reception of information.

Piaget’s legacy remains alive in current studies on neurodevelopment and cognitive science. His theories continue to be tested and expanded upon, reinforcing the relevance of his findings in various educational contexts. The integration of his insights with modern methodologies, such as neuroscience and theatrical techniques, offers new perspectives on how to optimize the learning process for children and adolescents.

Understanding Piaget in these ten steps reveals the depth and impact of his work. His studies not only revolutionized psychology and education but also provided a foundation for how we understand learning and development today. As educators, parents, and researchers, embracing his ideas allows us to create richer, more effective learning environments that truly support children's intellectual and emotional growth. Piaget’s vision was clear: children are not empty vessels to be filled with knowledge but active constructors of their own understanding. Recognizing and nurturing this potential is the key to fostering future generations of critical thinkers and innovators.

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The theater of Augusto Boal

Augusto Boal was a revolutionary figure in theater, whose work transcended the stage to become a powerful tool for social transformation. Born in Brazil in 1931, Boal developed theatrical techniques that sought to break down the barrier between actors and spectators, encouraging active participation and critical reflection on social and political issues. His Theater of the Oppressed became an instrument of empowerment for marginalized communities worldwide, fostering dialogue, awareness, and action.

The essence of Boal's theater lies in its ability to democratize artistic expression. Traditional theater often places the audience in a passive role, but Boal subverted this structure by creating the concept of the "spect-actor"—a hybrid of spectator and actor. This innovation allows individuals to step into the performance, altering its course and exploring solutions to real-world problems. Through techniques such as Forum Theater, Invisible Theater, and Legislative Theater, Boal provided tools that enabled people to confront oppression and challenge the status quo in their daily lives.

One of Boal's most influential methodologies is Forum Theater, which presents a play based on issues of social injustice. At a critical moment, the performance stops, and audience members are invited to step in, replacing the protagonist and attempting to change the narrative. This dynamic approach transforms theater into a space of experimentation and problem-solving, empowering participants to envision and practice strategies for resistance and social change. It is widely used in education, activism, and therapy.

Invisible Theater takes activism to another level by bringing performances into public spaces without the audience realizing they are witnessing a staged event. These interventions provoke spontaneous discussions, revealing hidden social dynamics and questioning ingrained beliefs. By catching people off guard, Boal’s approach exposes societal contradictions and challenges the normalization of injustice in everyday life.

Legislative Theater extends this philosophy into the realm of policy-making. Boal, as a councilman in Rio de Janeiro, used this technique to involve citizens directly in the legislative process. By dramatizing social issues and inviting public participation, Legislative Theater encouraged the drafting of new laws based on the collective input of those affected. This groundbreaking initiative demonstrated how theater could serve as a bridge between artistic practice and political engagement.

Boal’s influence extends beyond his own methodologies. His work aligns with contemporary neuroscience and psychology, particularly in areas related to emotional intelligence, group dynamics, and cognitive flexibility. Studies from institutions like Harvard and Stanford highlight the benefits of role-playing and embodied cognition in learning, which validate Boal’s approach. Engaging in performative scenarios stimulates neural pathways related to empathy, creativity, and problem-solving, reinforcing the transformative potential of his theater.

Furthermore, Boal’s legacy resonates with modern methodologies such as Antonio Carlos dos Santos’ Theater of Puppets Mané Beiçudo, MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater), and ThM (Theater Movement). These approaches emphasize the role of movement, storytelling, and interactive drama in fostering critical thinking and behavioral change. Like Boal’s work, they advocate for an engaged, participatory model of education and leadership, reinforcing the importance of embodied learning in contemporary pedagogy.

The historical context in which Boal developed his techniques is crucial to understanding their significance. His experiences with censorship and exile during Brazil’s military dictatorship sharpened his awareness of oppression and the power dynamics embedded in cultural production. His books, including "Theater of the Oppressed" and "Games for Actors and Non-Actors," continue to serve as essential resources for educators, artists, and activists globally.

Antônio Carlos dos Santos, for example, had several of his plays banned by the former Censorship Service of the Federal Police Department

Boal’s work also intersects with other artistic traditions and political movements. His emphasis on dialogue and collective problem-solving echoes the practices of ancient Greek theater, where performances were deeply tied to civic engagement. Additionally, his techniques have been adapted in diverse cultural contexts, from community development programs in Africa to conflict resolution initiatives in the Middle East, showcasing their universal applicability.

Ultimately, the theater of Augusto Boal is a call to action. It is an invitation to step onto the stage of life and actively participate in shaping a more just and equitable society. By embracing his methodologies, we recognize the power of storytelling, performance, and collaboration in fostering social transformation. In a world increasingly in need of empathy and constructive dialogue, Boal’s legacy reminds us that theater is not merely entertainment—it is a rehearsal for revolution.

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Strategies for applying emotional intelligence to public management

Emotional intelligence has become one of the fundamental pillars for efficient and humanized public management. In a scenario where leaders face complex challenges such as economic crises, social tensions, and growing public demands, the ability to understand and manage emotions can make the difference between a rigid government and a truly effective administration. Recent studies from institutions such as Harvard and Yale show that emotionally intelligent leaders make better decisions, foster healthy work environments, and increase society's trust in public institutions.

Emotional intelligence in public management begins with self-awareness. Leaders who understand their emotions and reactions tend to act with more balance in challenging situations. An iconic example is Nelson Mandela, who, despite years of imprisonment, did not let resentment dominate his actions. His emotional mastery allowed him to lead South Africa through a peaceful democratic transition. The MAT method (Mindset, Action, and Theater), developed by Antônio Carlos dos Santos, teaches that the first step for any real change is adjusting one's mindset, followed by actions aligned with ethical and human values.

Beyond self-awareness, empathy is one of the most valuable qualities for public managers. A study by Stanford University demonstrated that political leaders who practice active listening and put themselves in others' shoes create more effective and inclusive public policies. Former New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern stood out for her empathetic approach in dealing with crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and terrorist attacks, promoting a government that was close to the population and sensitive to society's needs.

Emotional regulation is another essential skill for public managers. In an environment of constant pressure, where decisions impact millions of lives, maintaining emotional balance prevents impulsive reactions and improves decision-making. The ThM method (Theater Movement) explores how body movement and artistic expression can help with emotional self-regulation, allowing managers to channel tension and communicate more authentically. Leaders who master this skill convey security and coherence, inspiring confidence in their teams and the public.

Another fundamental aspect of emotional intelligence is intrinsic motivation. The University of Chicago conducted a study showing that public managers who find meaning in their work demonstrate greater resilience and productivity. Former U.S. President Ronald Reagan emphasized his vision of a most developed country, inspiring millions to engage in politics and public service. The TBMB method (Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater) reinforces that narrative and storytelling are powerful tools for motivation, as they allow leaders to communicate their ideas in an engaging and accessible way.

Interpersonal relationships in the public sector also benefit from emotional intelligence. In any government sphere, the ability to build partnerships, mediate conflicts, and inspire teams is a differentiator. Studies from Oxford University indicate that organizations with emotionally intelligent leaders have lower turnover rates and higher employee engagement. A notable example is Bogotá’s former mayor, Antanas Mockus, who used humor and creativity to promote citizenship and solve urban problems, demonstrating how public management can be innovative and closely aligned with people's realities.

Emotional intelligence is also crucial in government communication. In times of crisis, clarity, transparency, and sensitivity in communication make all the difference. Research from Cambridge University indicates that citizens trust governments more when they demonstrate empathy in their messages rather than just conveying cold and bureaucratic data. During the pandemic, several leaders adopted a calm and empathetic tone when communicating restrictive measures, resulting in greater public adherence to health policies.

The ability to resolve conflicts constructively is another benefit of emotional intelligence. The MAT method teaches that instead of avoiding confrontations, leaders should address disagreements strategically, listening to all parties and seeking collaborative solutions. The success of the peace process in Colombia, for example, was the result of years of negotiations based on emotional intelligence and diplomacy, allowing former guerrillas to be peacefully reintegrated into society.

Finally, emotional intelligence in public management should be seen as an ongoing competence to be developed. Great leaders are not born ready; they learn throughout their journey to manage emotions and connect with people. Investing in training programs based on innovative methodologies such as MAT, ThM, and TBMB can transform the organizational culture of the public sector and prepare new generations of more humanized and effective managers.

The true revolution in public management is not only in technology or administrative reforms but in the ability to understand and manage emotions. Leaders who master emotional intelligence build bridges, strengthen democracy, and inspire lasting change. Applying these strategies means not only improving government efficiency but transforming how the public sector relates to society, promoting a fairer and more sustainable future for all.

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Civic and ethical education: the foundations of more democratic and resilient societies

A society that aspires to democracy, resilience, and sustainable progress cannot afford to neglect civic and ethical education. These pillars shape not only the legal and political systems but also the moral compass of individuals, ensuring that citizens are aware of their rights and responsibilities. Studies from leading universities, such as Harvard and Oxford, demonstrate that nations with solid civic education have more engaged populations, lower corruption rates, and stronger institutions. Education, when well-structured, fosters critical thinking, empathy, and ethical action—fundamental elements for a cohesive and just society.

History provides valuable lessons about the importance of civic education. Ancient Greece, for example, incorporated citizenship training into its educational process, particularly in Athens, where young people were taught the foundations of democracy, rhetoric, and ethics. In modern times, figures like Nelson Mandela demonstrated how civic awareness can drive profound change. Mandela, having studied law and civic structures, led South Africa toward democracy through education and dialogue, proving that knowledge is the greatest tool for transformation.

The methodologies of Antônio Carlos dos Santos, such as MAT (Mindset, Action, and Theater), ThM (Theater Movement), and TBMB (Mané Beiçudo Puppet Theater), offer innovative approaches to civic education. These techniques integrate art, movement, and play, allowing students to internalize ethical and democratic values through experience rather than passive learning. Research in neuroscience and psychology reinforces that experiential learning is the most effective way to instill lasting principles, as it engages multiple cognitive and emotional areas of the brain.

One of the greatest challenges today is overcoming the apathy of citizens, especially young people, regarding political and ethical issues. Studies from Stanford University reveal that students exposed to dynamic civic education programs—such as debates, role-playing, and social impact projects—develop a greater sense of responsibility and belonging. A practical example is Finland, where the school curriculum includes civic engagement from an early age, resulting in high voter turnout and active political participation.

To build a resilient society, it is necessary to cultivate empathy and ethical reasoning. The United Nations has repeatedly emphasized that education for global citizenship—one that goes beyond national borders and promotes collective responsibility—is the key to solving contemporary crises. Countries that prioritize education centered on social and ethical awareness, such as Canada and Denmark, consistently rank among the happiest and most stable in the world.

Additionally, civic education plays a crucial role in combating misinformation. In the digital age, where fake news spreads rapidly, critical thinking skills are essential. Research from MIT shows that individuals trained in logical reasoning and media analysis are less likely to be manipulated by misleading narratives. Schools and universities must, therefore, invest in developing these abilities, ensuring that citizens can discern truth from distortion.

A practical way to implement civic education effectively is through theater and storytelling. The TBMB method, for example, utilizes puppetry to address social issues such as corruption, human rights, and democratic participation in a playful yet profound manner. Children and adults alike absorb these lessons more effectively when they are presented in an engaging and emotionally impactful way.

It is important to recognize that civic education is not limited to schools. Families, communities, and even workplaces play fundamental roles in shaping ethical behavior and social responsibility. Companies that integrate civic and ethical training into their corporate culture tend to have more cohesive and motivated teams, as studies from the University of Pennsylvania indicate.

Ultimately, a society that invests in civic and ethical education strengthens its democratic institutions and resilience in the face of crises. History shows that ignorance and lack of civic awareness are the primary catalysts for authoritarianism and social decline. Conversely, nations that prioritize education based on justice, empathy, and ethical responsibility build a future of inclusion and prosperity.

By adopting innovative methodologies like MAT, ThM, and TBMB and drawing inspiration from successful global models, we can transform education into a powerful instrument for social transformation. Civic education is not merely an academic discipline—it is the foundation upon which a fairer and more humane world is built.

Access the books by Antônio Carlos dos Santos on amazon.com or amazon.com.br

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